1. 他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家。

    He putting on his jacket, locking the door, left home.

  2. 大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。

    Pandas are the rarest members in bear family, mainly living in the forest of Chinese southwest.

  3. 长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

    Yangzi River flowing through diverse(different) eclogical systems, keeps the habitat(home) of a sea of endangered species, irrigating Chinese one fifth land.

  4. 冬天来了，春天就不远了

    Winter coming, spring is not far.
    Winter approaching, spring will be around the corner.

  5. 我是一个老师，我很喜欢唱歌

    I am a teacher, I like singing songs.
    Being a teacher, I have passion for singing songs.

  6. 帅气和强壮是他的特点

    Handsomeness and strongeth are his nature. Being Handsome and strong is his nature.

  7. 机舱太闷热了

    （在机舱里太闷热了。） it 作形式主语 It feels exceedingly hot in the cabin.

  8. 有很多人喜欢这位老师的课。

    there be 作形式（There + 系动词） There exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with the teacher's lessons.

  9. 必须指出坚持很重要

    主动转被动（坚持必须被指出很重要） Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial.

  10. 如果有梦想，就应该会成功

    （前 there be ，后被动） If there exists a dream, success are supposed to be achieved.

  11. 我喜欢在重庆

    主谓宾（介词短语不能作宾语，宾语只能 名词、代词、非谓语动态、从句，如下是非谓语动词） I like being in Chongqing.（现在分词） I like to be in Chongqing.（动词不定式）